To type directly with the computer keyboard:

• Type = to add a diacritical mark: z= (ƶ); s= (ş); c= (ç)
• Type q for кх
• Type ä, ö, ü for аь оь уь
• Type h et gh, kh, ph, th, ch, çh for хӏ and гӏ кӏ пӏ тӏ цӏ чӏ
• Type x=, q= for хъ кхъ
• Type e= for é: э
• Type an apostrophe ' for ь and two apostrophes '' for ъ

The palotchka (палочка) Ӏ is a character of the Caucasian languages.